Ma muli o ka mea maʻamau ka paipu i waena o nā ʻoihana he nui, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha he nui nā hui kūlana like ʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka paipu no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, aia kekahi mau mea like ʻole a me kekahi mau ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hui kūlana e pono ai nā mea kūʻai ke hoʻomaopopo i hiki iā lākou ke hōʻoia i nā kikoʻī pololei no kā lākou papahana.
1. ASTM
Hāʻawi ʻo ASTM International i nā kūlana mea hana a me nā lawelawe ʻoihana ma nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole. Ua paʻi ka hui ma mua o 12,000 mau kūlana e hoʻohana ʻia nei i nā ʻoihana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻOi aku ma mua o 100 o kēlā mau kūlana e pili ana i ka paipu kila, nā paipu, nā mea hoʻopili a me nā flanges. ʻAʻole e like me kekahi mau hui kūlana e hoʻopilikia ana i ka paipu kila ma nā ʻāpana ʻoihana kikoʻī, uhi nā kūlana ASTM i nā ʻano paipu like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ma aneane kēlā me kēia ʻoihana āu e noʻonoʻo ai.
Eia kekahi laʻana, loaʻa iā American Piping Products kahi laulā piha o nā paipu A106. Uhi ka maʻamau A106 i ka paipu kila kalapona humuhumu no ka lawelawe wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole pono kēlā maʻamau e kaupalena i ka paipu i kekahi noi ʻoihana.
2. ASME
Ua hoʻomaka ka American Society of Mechanical Engineers e hoʻopuka i nā kūlana no nā mea hana ʻoihana a me nā ʻāpana mīkini i ka makahiki 1880 a ua lilo ia i mea hoʻoikaika ma hope o nā hoʻomaikaʻi palekana i nā paila a me nā moku kaomi i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻāpana ʻoihana.
ʻOiai ʻo ka paipu e hele pū me nā ipu kaomi, uhi nā kūlana ASME i nā ʻano hana paipu like ʻole ma nā ʻoihana he nui, e like me ASTM. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua like like nā kūlana paipu ASME a me ASTM. I kēlā me kēia manawa āu e ʻike ai i kahi kūlana paipu i hōʻike ʻia me kahi 'A' a me kahi 'SA'—ʻo kahi laʻana ʻo A/SA 333—he hōʻailona ia ua kūlike ka mea me nā kūlana ASTM a me ASME.
3. API
E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, ʻo ka American Petroleum Institute kahi hui kūikawā no ka ʻoihana, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomohala a hoʻopuka i nā kūlana no nā paipu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea.
Hiki i nā paipu i helu ʻia ma lalo o kahi kūlana API ke like loa i ka mea hana a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana me nā paipu i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā kūlana API a hoʻokomo i nā koi hoʻāʻo hou aʻe, akā aia kekahi mau mea e pili pū ana.
ʻO ka paipu API 5L, no ka laʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā hoʻonohonoho ʻaila a me ke kinoea. Ua like ke kūlana me A/SA 106 a me A/SA 53. Kūlike kekahi mau papa o ka paipu API 5L me nā kūlana A/SA 106 a me A/SA 53 a no laila hiki ke hoʻohana like ʻia. Akā, ʻaʻole kūlike ka paipu A/SA 106 a me A/SA 53 me nā kūlana API 5L āpau.
4. ANSI
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka American National Standards Institute ma hope o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o kekahi mau hui kūlana ʻoihana i ka makahiki 1916 me ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kūlana kuʻikahi manawaleʻa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Ua hui pū ʻo ANSI me nā hui like ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e hoʻokumu i ka International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Hoʻopuka ka Hui i nā kūlana i ʻae ʻia e nā mea kuleana ʻoihana mai ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Hana pū ʻo ANSI ma ke ʻano he kino ʻae e kākoʻo ana i nā kūlana i hoʻomohala ʻia e nā hui pākahi no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Ua ʻae ʻia nā kūlana he nui o ASTM, ASME a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e ANSI ma ke ʻano he mau kūlana maʻamau i ʻae ʻia. ʻO kekahi laʻana ʻo ke kūlana ASME B16 no nā flanges, valves, fittings a me gaskets. Ua hoʻomohala mua ʻia ke kūlana e ASME, akā ua ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e ANSI.
Ua kōkua nā hana a ANSI i ka wehe ʻana i nā mākeke honua no nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻolako paipu ma muli o kāna kuleana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kūlana maʻamau i ʻae ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
5. ʻO ka mea hoʻolako paipu kūpono
Me nā makahiki he ʻumi o ka ʻike i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā paipu i nā mea kūʻai aku o nā ʻoihana āpau a puni ka honua, ua maopopo iā Jindalai Steel Group ka paʻakikī a me ke koʻikoʻi o nā kūlana he nui e hoʻomalu ana i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā paipu. E ʻae mai iā mākou e hoʻohana i kēlā ʻike no ka pono o kāu ʻoihana. Ma ke koho ʻana iā Jindalai ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolako nou, hiki iā ʻoe ke kālele i nā mea nui loa iā ʻoe ma kahi o ka paʻa ʻana i nā kikoʻī. Hiki i nā paipu kila a Jindalai ke hoʻokō i nā kūlana āpau i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna.
Inā he mau pono kūʻai kāu, e noi i kahi ʻōlelo kūʻai. E hāʻawi mākou i hoʻokahi e loaʻa koke iā ʻoe nā huahana āu e pono ai. E hoʻouna mai i kāu nīnau a e hauʻoli mākou e kūkākūkā me ʻoe ma ke ʻano he loea.
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-19-2022
