E aʻo e pili ana i nā waiwai a me nā hoʻohana o ke keleawe keleawe

Hāʻawi ʻo Jindalai (Shandong) Steel Group Co., Ltd. i nā ʻano huahana keleawe like ʻole i nā nui a me nā nui e hoʻokō ai i nā pono o kekahi papahana.
1. Nā Waiwai
● ʻAno Alloy: Pālua
● ʻIke: Keleawe a me ka Zinc
● Ka nui o ke kinoea: 8.3-8.7 g/cm3
● Kiko Heheʻe: 1652-1724 °F (900-940 °C)
● Paʻakikī o Moh: 3-4

2. Nā ʻano
ʻO nā waiwai kikoʻī o nā keleawe like ʻole e pili ana i ka haku mele ʻana o ke kinikini keleawe, ʻoiai ka lakio keleawe-zinc. Ma ke ʻano laulā, akā naʻe, ua mahalo ʻia nā keleawe āpau no ko lākou machinability a i ʻole ka maʻalahi o ka hiki ke hana ʻia ka metala i nā ʻano a me nā ʻano i makemake ʻia me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.

ʻOiai aia nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā keleawe me ka nui o ka zinc a me ka haʻahaʻa, ua manaʻo ʻia nā keleawe āpau he malleable a ductile (ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā keleawe zinc). Ma muli o kona wahi heheʻe haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe maʻalahi ʻia ke keleawe. Eia nō naʻe, no nā noi hoʻolei ʻana, makemake pinepine ʻia ka nui o ka zinc.

Hiki ke hana maʻalahi ʻia nā keleawe me ka nui o ka zinc haʻahaʻa, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. ʻO ka nui o ke keleawe e hiki ai i ka metala ke hana i kahi papa oxide pale (patina) ma luna o kona ʻili e pale aku ai i ka pala hou aʻe, kahi waiwai nui i nā noi e hōʻike ana i ka metala i ka makū a me ka wā.

Loaʻa i ka metala ka wela maikaʻi a me ka conductivity uila (hiki i kona conductivity uila mai 23% a 44% o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe), a he kūpaʻa ia i ka ʻaʻahu a me ka ʻālohilohi. E like me ke keleawe, ʻo kona mau waiwai bacteriostatic i hopena i kona hoʻohana ʻia ʻana i nā mea hana lumi ʻauʻau a me nā hale mālama ola.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ke keleawe he metala haʻahaʻa haʻalulu a ʻaʻole magnetic, ʻoiai ʻo kona mau waiwai acoustic i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea kani mele 'brass band' he nui. Mahalo nui nā mea pena kiʻi a me nā mea kākau hale i nā waiwai aesthetic o ka metala, no ka mea hiki ke hana ʻia i nā ʻano kala like ʻole, mai ka ʻulaʻula hohonu a i ka melemele gula.

3. Nā noi
ʻO nā waiwai waiwai o ke keleawe a me ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana ua hoʻolilo iā ia i hoʻokahi o nā mea hoʻohuihui i hoʻohana nui ʻia. ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i kahi papa inoa piha o nā noi keleawe āpau he hana nui ia, akā no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi manaʻo o nā ʻoihana a me nā ʻano huahana i loaʻa ai ke keleawe hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale a hōʻuluʻulu i kekahi mau hoʻohana hope e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke keleawe i hoʻohana ʻia:
● Keleawe ʻoki manuahi (e laʻa me ke keleawe C38500 a i ʻole 60/40):
● Nā nati, nā ʻūmiʻi, nā ʻāpana wili
● Nā Kikowaena
● Nā mokulele mokulele
● Nā piula wai
● Nā mea hoʻokomo

4. Moʻolelo
Ua hana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui keleawe-zinc i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 5 BC ma Kina a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ma Asia waena e ke kenekulia 2 a me 3 BC. Eia naʻe, hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana metala hoʻonaninani he 'nā mea hoʻohui kūlohelohe,' no ka mea, ʻaʻohe hōʻike e hoʻohui ʻia ana e kā lākou mau mea hana i ke keleawe a me ka zinc me ka ʻike. Akā, he mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā mea hoʻohui mai nā ʻokala keleawe waiwai i ka zinc, e hana ana i nā metala keleawe maka.

Hōʻike nā palapala Helene a me Roma ua hana ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā mea hao like me ke keleawe hou, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke keleawe a me ka ʻaila waiwai zinc oxide i ʻike ʻia ʻo calamine, ma kahi o ke kenekulia 1 BC. Ua hana ʻia ke keleawe Calamine me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana cementation, kahi i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai ke keleawe i loko o kahi ipu hoʻoheheʻe me ka smithsonite (a i ʻole calamine) ore i lepo ʻia.

I nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, huli ka zinc i loko o ia ʻano hao i mahu a komo i loko o ke keleawe, a laila e hana ana i ke keleawe maʻemaʻe me ka nui o ka zinc he 17-30%. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana keleawe no kahi kokoke i 2000 mau makahiki a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 19. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana o ka poʻe Roma i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i ke keleawe, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mea hao no ke kālā ma nā wahi o Turkey o kēia wā. Ua laha koke kēia ma ke Aupuni Roma.

5. Nā ʻAno
ʻO 'Brass' kahi huaʻōlelo laulā e pili ana i kahi ākea o nā hui keleawe-zinc. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia ma mua o 60 mau ʻano keleawe like ʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia e nā EN (European Norm) Standards. Hiki i kēia mau hui ke loaʻa kahi ākea o nā ʻano like ʻole ma muli o nā waiwai e pono ai no kahi noi kikoʻī.

6. Hana ʻana
Hana pinepine ʻia ke keleawe mai nā ʻōpala keleawe a me nā ʻāpana zinc. Koho ʻia ke keleawe ʻōpala ma muli o kona mau haumia, no ka mea, makemake ʻia kekahi mau mea hou aʻe i mea e hana ai i ke ʻano pololei o ke keleawe e pono ai.
Ma muli o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka zinc e paila a mahu i ka 1665°F (907°C), ma lalo o ke kiko heheʻe o ke keleawe 1981°F (1083°C), pono e hoʻoheheʻe mua ʻia ke keleawe. Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hoʻohui ʻia ka zinc ma kahi ratio kūpono no ke ʻano o ke keleawe e hana ʻia nei. ʻOiai ua ʻae ʻia kekahi no ka nalowale ʻana o ka zinc i ka mahu.

I kēia manawa, hoʻohui ʻia nā metala ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kēpau, ka alumini, ka silicon a i ʻole ka arsenic, i ka hui ʻana e hana i ka metala i makemake ʻia. Ke mākaukau ka metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ninini ʻia i loko o nā ʻōmole kahi e paʻa ai i loko o nā papa nui a i ʻole nā ​​​​billets. Hiki ke hana pololei ʻia nā billets - ʻo ka hapa nui o ke keleawe alpha-beta - i loko o nā uea, nā paipu, a me nā paipu ma o ka extrusion wela, ʻo ia hoʻi ka paʻi ʻana i ka metala wela ma o kahi make, a i ʻole ka forging wela.

Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopuka ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia paha, a laila hoʻomehana hou ʻia nā bila a hānai ʻia ma o nā wili kila (kahi hana i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka ʻōwili wela). ʻO ka hopena he mau papa me ka mānoanoa o lalo o ka hapalua ʻīniha (<13mm). Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana, a laila hānai ʻia ke keleawe ma o kahi mīkini wili, a i ʻole scalper, e ʻoki ana i kahi papa lahilahi mai ka metala i mea e wehe ai i nā kīnā hoʻolei ʻili a me ka oxide.

Ma lalo o kahi lewa kinoea e pale aku ai i ka oxidization, ua hoʻomehana ʻia ka alloy a ʻōwili hou ʻia, kahi hana i ʻike ʻia ʻo annealing ma mua o ka ʻōwili hou ʻia ʻana i nā mahana anuanu (anuanu ʻōwili) i nā ʻāpana o kahi 0.1" (2.5mm) ka mānoanoa. Hoʻololi ke kaʻina hana ʻōwili anu i ke ʻano o loko o ke keleawe, e hopena ana i kahi metala ikaika a paʻakikī hoʻi. Hiki ke hana hou ʻia kēia hana a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mānoanoa a i ʻole ka paʻakikī i makemake ʻia.

ʻO ka hope loa, ua ʻoki ʻia a ʻoki ʻia nā pepa e hana i ka laulā a me ka lōʻihi e pono ai. Hāʻawi ʻia nā pepa āpau, nā mea keleawe i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a me nā mea keleawe i hoʻopuka ʻia i kahi ʻauʻau kemika, ʻo ka mea maʻamau, hoʻokahi i hana ʻia me ka hydrochloric a me ka sulfuric acid, e wehe i ka unahi keleawe ʻeleʻele a me ka pala.

ʻO nā pepa keleawe a me nā ʻōwili waihona ʻo Jindalai me ka mānoanoa mai 0.05 a 50mm, a ma nā ʻano annealed, hapaha paʻakikī, hapalua paʻakikī, a me nā ʻano paʻakikī piha. Loaʻa pū kekahi mau ʻano paʻakikī a me nā mea hoʻohuihui ʻē aʻe. E hoʻouna mai i kāu nīnau a e hauʻoli mākou e kūkākūkā me ʻoe ma ke ʻano loea.

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