Kekahi mau waiwai o ke kila kila

1. Nā Waiwai Mekanika o ke Kila Kila ʻOle
ʻO ka maʻamau, hāʻawi ʻia nā waiwai mechanical e pono ai i nā kikoʻī kūʻai no ke kila kila. Hāʻawi ʻia nā waiwai mechanical liʻiliʻi loa e nā kūlana like ʻole e pili ana i ka mea a me ke ʻano huahana. ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia mau waiwai mechanical maʻamau e hōʻike ana ua hana pono ʻia ka mea i kahi ʻōnaehana maikaʻi kūpono. A laila hiki i nā ʻenekinia ke hoʻohana me ka hilinaʻi i ka mea i loko o nā hale e hoʻokō ai i nā ukana hana palekana a me nā kaomi.
ʻO nā waiwai mīkini i kuhikuhi ʻia no nā huahana i ʻōwili pālahalaha ʻia ʻo ia ka ikaika tensile, ka yield stress (a i ʻole ka proof stress), elongation a me ka paʻakikī Brinell a i ʻole Rockwell. ʻO nā koi waiwai no ka pā, ka paipu, ka paipu a me nā mea hoʻopili e hōʻike pinepine i ka ikaika tensile a me ka yield stress.

2. Ka ikaika o ke kila kila
ʻAʻole e like me nā kila palupalu, ʻo ka ikaika hua o ke kila kila austenitic annealed he haʻahaʻa loa ia o ka ikaika tensile. ʻO ka ikaika hua o ke kila palupalu he 65-70% maʻamau o ka ikaika tensile. ʻO kēia helu he 40-45% wale nō i loko o ka ʻohana kila austenitic.
Hana wikiwiki ka hana anu a hoʻonui nui i ka ikaika hua. Hiki ke hana anu ʻia kekahi mau ʻano kila kila, e like me ke uea hoʻoheheʻe puna, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka ikaika hua i 80-95% o ka ikaika tensile.

3. Ka Ductility o ke kila kila
ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā helu paʻakikī hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka elongation / ductility kiʻekiʻe e maʻalahi ai ke hana i ke kila kila. Me kēia hui pū ʻana o nā waiwai, hiki ke hoʻololi nui ʻia ke kila kila i nā hana e like me ke kaha kiʻi hohonu.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ana ʻia ka Ductility ma ke ʻano he % elongation ma mua o ka haki ʻana i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo tensile. Loaʻa i nā kila kila austenitic annealed nā elongations kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO nā helu maʻamau he 60-70%.

4. Paʻakikī o ke kila kila
ʻO ka paʻakikī ke kū'ē ʻana i ke komo ʻana o ka ʻili o ka mea. Ana nā mea ho'āʻo paʻakikī i ka hohonu e hiki ai ke hoʻokomo ʻia kahi indenter paʻakikī loa i loko o ka ʻili o kahi mea. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mīkini Brinell, Rockwell a me Vickers. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o kēia kahi indenter ʻokoʻa a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ikaika i ʻike ʻia. No laila, he hoʻohālikelike wale nō nā hoʻololi ma waena o nā unahi like ʻole.
Hiki ke hoʻopaʻakikī ʻia nā pae hoʻopaʻakikī Martensitic a me ka precipitation ma o ka mālama wela. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻakikī ʻia nā pae ʻē aʻe ma o ka hana anu.

5. Ikaika Tensile o ke kila kila
ʻO ka ikaika tensile ka mea maʻamau wale nō ka waiwai mechanical e pono ai e wehewehe i nā huahana bar a me nā uea. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā papa mea like ma nā ikaika tensile like ʻole no nā noi like ʻole. ʻO ka ikaika tensile i hāʻawi ʻia o nā huahana bar a me nā uea e pili pono ana i ka hoʻohana hope loa ma hope o ka hana ʻana.
ʻO ka uea puna ka mea e loaʻa ai ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe loa ma hope o ka hana ʻana. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe e ka hana anu ʻana i loko o nā pūnāwai wili. Me ka ʻole o kēia ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole e hana pono ka uea ma ke ʻano he pūnāwai.
ʻAʻole koi ʻia kēlā mau ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uea i ke kaʻina hana ʻana a i ʻole ka ulana ʻana. Pono ka uea a i ʻole ka ʻaukā i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea maka no nā mea hoʻopaʻa, e like me nā bolts a me nā wili, e palupalu no ke poʻo a me ke kaula e hana ʻia akā ikaika nō naʻe e hana pono ai i ka lawelawe ʻana.
ʻOkoʻa ka ikaika o nā ʻohana kila kila like ʻole me ka ikaika tensile a me ka ikaika yield. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia mau ikaika maʻamau no ka mea annealed ma ka Papa 1.
Papa 1. Ikaika maʻamau no ke kila kila annealed mai nā ʻohana like ʻole

	Ikaika Hoʻopaʻa	Ikaika Hāʻawi
ʻAustenitic	600	250
ʻElua pālua	700	450
Ferritic	500	280
Martensitic	650	350
Ka Paʻakikī ʻana o ka Ua	1100	1000

6. Nā Waiwai Kino o ke Kila Kila ʻOle
● Ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka palaho
● Ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa
● Maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana
● Ikaika Kiʻekiʻe
● Ka nani o ka helehelena
● Ka maʻemaʻe a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana
● Ka pōʻaiapuni ola lōʻihi
● Hiki ke hana hou ʻia
● Ka permeability magnetic haʻahaʻa

7. Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka palaho o ke kila kila
ʻO ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka palaho kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā kila kila āpau. Hiki i nā pae alloy haʻahaʻa ke kū'ē i ka palaho ma nā kūlana maʻamau. Kū'ē nā alloys kiʻekiʻe i ka palaho e ka hapa nui o nā waikawa, nā hopena alkaline a me nā wahi chloride.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ke kila kila kila ma muli o ka nui o ka chromium i loko. Ma keʻano laulā, aia ka liʻiliʻi ma kahi o 10.5% chromium i loko o ke kila kila. Hoʻokumu ka chromium i loko o ka hui i kahi papa oxide pale hoʻōla ponoʻī e hana koke ʻia i ka lewa. ʻO ke ʻano hoʻōla ponoʻī o ka papa oxide ʻo ia hoʻi ke kūpaʻa nei ke kūpaʻa i ka pala me ka nānā ʻole i nā ʻano hana. ʻOiai inā ʻoki ʻia a hōʻino ʻia paha ka ʻili o ka mea, e hoʻōla ponoʻī ia a e mālama ʻia ke kūpaʻa i ka pala.

8. Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka mahana koʻikoʻi
Hiki i kekahi mau papa kila kila ke kū i ka scaling a mālama i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe loa. Mālama nā papa ʻē aʻe i nā waiwai mechanical kiʻekiʻe ma nā mahana cryogenic.
Ikaika Kiʻekiʻe o ke Kila Kūlohelohe
Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā hoʻolālā ʻāpana a me nā ʻano hana hana e hoʻohana pono ai i ka paʻakikī o nā kila kila e hana ʻia i ka wā e hana anu ʻia ai. Hiki i nā ikaika kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa ke ʻae i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea lahilahi, e alakaʻi ana i nā kaumaha a me nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa.

ʻO Jindalai Steel Group kekahi o nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku i nā ʻōwili/pepa/papa/ʻāpana/paipu kila kila. Loaʻa iā lākou ma mua o 20 mau makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma nā mākeke honua a loaʻa iā lākou i kēia manawa he 2 mau hale hana me ka hiki ke hana ma mua o 400,000 tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Inā makemake ʻoe e loaʻa hou aku ka ʻike e pili ana i nā mea kila kila, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou i kēia lā a i ʻole e noi i kahi ʻōlelo kūʻai.

 

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