ʻO ka hiki i kahi mea metala ke kūʻē i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka ʻili e nā mea paʻakikī i kapa ʻia he paʻakikī. E like me nā ʻano hoʻokolohua like ʻole a me ka laulā noi, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka paʻakikī i Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, Vickers hardness, Shore hardness, microhardness and high temperature hardness. ʻEkolu paʻakikī maʻamau no nā paipu: ʻo Brinell, Rockwell, a me Vickers hardness.
A. Brinell paakiki (HB)
E hoʻohana i ka pōpō kila a i ʻole ka pōpō carbide o kekahi anawaena e kaomi i loko o ka ʻili hoʻohālike me ka ikaika hoʻāʻo (F). Ma hope o ka manawa paʻa i ʻōlelo ʻia, e hoʻoneʻe i ka ikaika hoʻāʻo a ana i ke anawaena indentation (L) ma ka ʻili hoʻohālike. ʻO ka waiwai paʻakikī ʻo Brinell ka quotient i loaʻa ma ka puʻunaue ʻana i ka ikaika hoʻāʻo e ka ʻili o ka pōʻai indented. Hōʻike ʻia ma ka HBS (pōpopo hao), ʻo ka ʻāpana N/mm2 (MPa).
ʻO ke kumu helu helu:
Ma ke ʻano: F–ka ikaika hoʻāʻo i kaomi ʻia i ka ʻili o ka hāpana metala, N;
D–Ka anawaena o ka poepoe kila no ka hoao ana, mm;
d–awelika anawaena o ka indentation, mm.
ʻOi aku ka pololei a me ka hilinaʻi o ke ana ʻana o ka paʻakikī o Brinell, akā ma ka maʻamau, kūpono wale ʻo HBS no nā mea metala ma lalo o 450N/mm2 (MPa), a ʻaʻole kūpono no ke kila ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a i ʻole nā papa ʻoi aku ka lahilahi. Ma waena o nā kūlana paipu kila, ʻo Brinell hardness ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke anawaena indent d e hōʻike i ka paʻakikī o ka mea, ʻo ia ka intuitive a me ka maʻalahi.
Laʻana: 120HBS10/1000130: ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka waiwai paʻakikī o Brinell i ana ʻia ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pōpō kila 10mm anawaena ma lalo o ka ikaika hoʻāʻo o 1000Kgf (9.807KN) no 30s (kekona) ʻo 120N/mm2 (MPa).
B. ʻO ka paʻakikī o Rockwell (HR)
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ʻo Rockwell, e like me ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī Brinell, he ʻano hoʻāʻo indentation. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ke ana i ka hohonu o ka indentation. ʻO ia hoʻi, ma lalo o ke kaʻina hana o ka ikaika hoʻāʻo mua (Fo) a me ka ikaika hoʻāʻo holoʻokoʻa (F), ua kaomi ʻia ka indenter (cone a i ʻole pōpō kila o ka wili kila) i ka ʻili o ka hāpana. Ma hope o ka manawa paʻa i ʻōlelo ʻia, wehe ʻia ka ikaika nui. E ho'āʻo ikaika, e hoʻohana i ke koena indentation hoʻonui hohonu (e) no ka helu ʻana i ka waiwai paʻakikī. He helu inoa ʻole kona waiwai, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hōʻailona HR, a ʻo nā unahi i hoʻohana ʻia he 9 mau unahi, me A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, a me K. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ʻo ia ka A, B, a me C, ʻo ia hoʻi HRA, HRB, a me HRC.
Ua helu ʻia ka waiwai paʻakikī me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano:
Ke hoʻāʻo me nā unahi A a me C, HR=100-e
Ke hoʻāʻo me ka unahi B, HR=130-e
Ma ke kumu, e - ke koena indentation increment hohonu i hoike ia ma ka wae i hoakakaia o 0.002mm, 'o ia hoʻi, i ka axial displacement o ka indenter he hookahi wae (0.002mm), ua like ia me ka hoololi i ka Rockwell paakiki e kekahi. helu. ʻO ka nui o ka waiwai e, ʻo ia ka haʻahaʻa o ka paʻakikī o ka metala, a ʻo ia hoʻi.
ʻO ka laulā kūpono o nā unahi ʻekolu ma luna nei penei:
HRA (indenter cone daimana) 20-88
HRC (indenter cone daimana) 20-70
HRB (ke anawaena 1.588mm kila kila indenter) 20-100
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ʻo Rockwell kahi ala i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa, ma waena o ka HRC i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kūlana paipu kila lua wale nō ma Brinell hardness HB. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka paʻakikī o Rockwell e ana i nā mea metala mai ka palupalu loa a i ka paʻakikī loa. Hoʻopau ia i nā hemahema o ke ʻano Brinell. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o ke ʻano Brinell a hiki ke heluhelu pololei ʻia ka waiwai paʻakikī mai ke kelepona o ka mīkini paʻakikī. Eia naʻe, ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole pololei ka waiwai paʻakikī e like me ke ʻano Brinell.
C. Vickers paakiki (HV)
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ʻo Vickers kahi ʻano hoʻāʻo indentation. Paʻi ia i kahi indenter daimana pyramidal square me kahi kihi o 1360 ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe i ka ʻili hoʻāʻo ma kahi ikaika hoʻāʻo i koho ʻia (F), a wehe iā ia ma hope o ka manawa paʻa i ʻōlelo ʻia. Hoʻoikaika, e ana i ka lōʻihi o nā diagonal ʻelua o ka indentation.
ʻO ka waiwai paʻakikī Vickers ka quotient o ka ikaika hoʻāʻo i puʻunaue ʻia e ka ʻili o ka indentation. ʻO kāna kumu helu helu:
I ke kumu: HV–Vickers hōʻailona paakiki, N/mm2 (MPa);
F–koi ikaika, N;
d–ka helu helu o na diagonal elua o ka indentation, mm.
ʻO ka ikaika hoʻāʻo F i hoʻohana ʻia i ka paʻakikī Vickers ʻo 5 (49.03), 10 (98.07), 20 (196.1), 30 (294.2), 50 (490.3), 100 (980.7) Kgf (N) a me nā pae ʻeono. Hiki ke ana ʻia ka waiwai paʻakikī ʻO ka laulā he 5 ~ 1000HV.
ʻO ka laʻana o ke kaʻina hana: 640HV30/20 ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka waiwai paʻakikī Vickers i ana ʻia me ka ikaika hoʻāʻo o 30Hgf (294.2N) no 20S (kekona) ʻo 640N/mm2 (MPa).
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano paʻakikī Vickers no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka paʻakikī o nā mea metala lahilahi loa a me nā papa o luna. Loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi nui o nā ʻano Brinell a me Rockwell a lanakila i kā lākou mau hemahema kumu, akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi ia e like me ke ʻano Rockwell. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano Vickers i nā kūlana paipu kila.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-03-2024