Nā hemahema maikaʻi o ka paipu i huki anu ʻia a me ka pale ʻana

Nā ʻano hana anu o ka paipu kila humuhumu:

①ʻōwili anu ②kahaki anu ③wili

a. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻōwili anu a me ke kaha anu no: ka pololei, ka paia lahilahi, ke anawaena liʻiliʻi, ka ʻāpana keʻa ʻē aʻe a me nā paipu ikaika kiʻekiʻe

b. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka milo ʻana no: ka hana ʻana i nā paipu kila paia lahilahi nui, anawaena nui a i ʻole anawaena nui loa, a he ʻano maʻamau e pani ʻia e nā paipu i hoʻopili ʻia (kaha kila, kuʻi ʻana, mālama wela, a pēlā aku)

ʻO ke kaʻina hana nui o ka hana ʻana i nā paipu kila humuhumu ma ke kahakiʻi anu:

Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka paipu hakahaka → Kaha kiʻi anu o ka paipu kila → Hoʻopau a me ka hana ʻana o ka paipu kila i hoʻopau ʻia → Nānā

Nā ʻano o nā paipu kila humuhumu i hana ʻia e ke kahakiʻi anu (hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻōwili wela)

①E liʻiliʻi ke anawaena o waho o ka paipu kila a hiki i ka wā e hiki ai ke hana ʻia nā paipu capillary

②ʻOi aku ka lahilahi o ka paia paipu kila

③ʻOi aku ka pololei o ka paipu kila a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili.

④ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano o ka paipu kila, a hiki ke hana ʻia nā paipu kila ʻokoʻa a me ke ʻano kūikawā.

⑤ ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana paipu kila

⑥ʻO ke kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe, ka nui o nā mea hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōpala, ka haʻahaʻa o ka hua, ka hana liʻiliʻi, a me nā koi palekana kaiapuni kiʻekiʻe

Nā hemahema maikaʻi o ka paipu i huki anu ʻia a me kā lākou pale ʻana

⒈ ʻO nā hemahema maikaʻi o nā paipu kila i huki anu ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi: ka mānoanoa like ʻole o ka paia o nā paipu kila, ke anawaena waho i waho o ke ahonui, nā māwae o ka ʻili, nā laina pololei o ka ʻili a me nā ʻōpala, a pēlā aku.

①ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka paia o nā paipu kila i huki anu ʻia e pili ana i ka pololei o ka mānoanoa o ka paia o ka paipu hakahaka, ke ʻano kaha kiʻi, ka offset centerline kaha kiʻi, ke ʻano o ka lua, nā palena hana deformation a me nā kūlana lubrication.

a. ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pololei o ka mānoanoa o ka paia o ka paipu hakahaka he mea nui ia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pololei o ka mānoanoa o ka paia o ka paipu kila i huki anu ʻia.

b. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka extubation me ka ʻole o ka mandrel ʻo ia ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke anawaena a me ka deformation

c. ʻO ke ʻano o ka lua kahi mea nui e hoʻopilikia ana i ka mānoanoa like ʻole o ka paia o nā paipu kila i huki anu ʻia.

d. He ala kūpono nō hoʻi ia e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka pickling o ka ʻōmole blank, e wehe i ka unahi hao oxide ma kona ʻili, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka lubrication.

②I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, pono e uku nui ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ke komo ʻana a me ka waimaka o ke kūpono a me ke kaha kiʻi ʻana.

③I mea e hōʻemi ai i nā māwae ma ka ʻili o ka paipu kila ma hope o ka huki ʻana, pono e koho ʻia nā ʻāpana paipu kūpono, a pono e wili ʻia nā hemahema o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana paipu. I ka wā e pickling ai i nā ʻāpana paipu, pono e pale i ka pickling nui ʻana e pale aku i ka pitting a i ʻole ka hydrogen embrittlement, a no ka pale ʻana i ka pickling ma lalo a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe piha ʻole o ka unahi oxide, e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi annealing o ka ʻāpana paipu i ka wā e hoʻohana ai, e hoʻohana i kahi ʻano kaha kiʻi paipu kūpono, koho i nā ʻāpana hana deformation kūpono a me ke ʻano o ka mea hana, a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻoponopono a me ka nānā ʻana o ka laina kikowaena kaha kiʻi.

④ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka pickling a me ka maikaʻi o ka lubrication o ka paipu blank, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka paʻakikī o ka mea hana, ka like ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hanana o nā laina pololei a me nā ʻōpala ma ka paipu kila.