ʻO nā hemahema maikaʻi o ka paipu huki anu a me ka pale ʻana

ʻO nā ʻano hana anuanu o ka paipu kila ʻole:

①ka ʻōwili anu ②ke kiʻi anuanu ③ka wili

a.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻōwili anu a me ke kiʻi anu no: pololei, pā lahilahi, anawaena liʻiliʻi, ʻāpana ʻokoʻa a me nā paipu ikaika kiʻekiʻe.

b.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka wili no: ka hana ʻana o ke anawaena nui, ka paia lahilahi a i ʻole ke anawaena nui nui, nā paipu kila kila ultra-thin, a loaʻa ka manaʻo e hoʻololi ʻia e nā paipu welded (mea hao, welding, wela wela, etc.)

ʻO ke kaʻina hana nui o ka hana ʻana i nā paipu kila liʻiliʻi ma ke kaha anu:

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka paipu hakahaka → Kiʻi anuanu o ka paipu kila → Hoʻopau a me ka hana ʻana o ka paipu kila i hoʻopau ʻia → Nānā.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā paipu kila ʻole i hana ʻia e ke kiʻi anu (hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻōwili wela)

①E liʻiliʻi ke anawaena o waho o ka paipu kila a hiki i ka hana ʻana o nā paipu capillary

② ʻOi aku ka lahilahi o ka pā paipu hao

③ ʻOi aku ka pololei o ka nui o ka paipu hao a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili

④ ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano keʻa o ka paipu kila, a hiki ke hana ʻia nā ʻāpana keʻa like ʻole a me nā paipu kila kūikawā.

⑤ ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana paipu kila

⑥Ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe, ka mea hana nui a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mold, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koi palekana kaiapuni

ʻO nā hemahema maikaʻi o ka paipu anuanu a me kā lākou pale ʻana

⒈ ʻO nā hemahema maikaʻi o nā paipu kila i huki ʻia i ke anu: ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka paia o nā paipu kila, ke anawaena waho waho o ka hoʻomanawanui, nā māwae ʻili, nā laina pololei a me nā ʻōpala, etc.

① ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka paia ʻole o nā paipu kila i huki ʻia e pili ana i ka pololei o ka mānoanoa o ka pā, ke ʻano kiʻi, ke kaha kiʻi kikowaena, ke ʻano o ka puka, nā ʻāpana kaʻina deformation a me nā kūlana lubrication.

a.ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pololei o ka mānoanoa o ka pā he mea nui ia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka pā o ka paipu kila huki anu.

b.ʻO ke kumu nui o ka extubation me ka ʻole o ka mandrel e hōʻemi i ke anawaena a me ka deformation

c.ʻO ke ʻano o ka puka kahi mea nui e pili ana i ka mānoanoa pā like ʻole o nā paipu kila huki anu.

d.He ala maikaʻi nō hoʻi ia e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi pickling o ka paipu blank, e wehe i ka mea hao oxide ma luna o kona ʻili, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka lubrication.

②I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, pono e nānā nui i ka lole a me ka waimaka o ke kūpono a me ke kākau ʻana.

③I mea e hōʻemi ai i nā māwae ma ka ʻili o ka paipu kila ma hope o ka huki ʻana, pono e koho ʻia nā blank paipu kūpono, a pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā hemahema o ka paipu.I ka ʻohi ʻana i ka paipu blanks, pono ia e pale i ka over-pickling e pale i ka lua a i ʻole hydrogen embrittlement, a no ka pale ʻana i ka under-pickling a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻana o ka unahi oxide, e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka annealing o ka paipu blank i ka wā e hoʻohana ai, e hoʻohana i kahi kūpono kūpono. ʻO ke ala kaha kiʻi paipu, koho i nā ʻāpana kaʻina hana deformation kūpono a me ke ʻano mea hana, a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i ka laina kikowaena kiʻi.

④ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi pickling a me ka maikaʻi o ka lubrication o ka paipu blank, e hōʻoia i ka paʻakikī o ka hāmeʻa, ka like ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā laina pololei a me nā ʻōpala ma ka paipu kila.